手把手教你建立Win32环境下的Apache Web服务器(1)

手把手教你建立Win32环境下的Apache Web服务器 我们的目标： 在Win32环境下建立Web服务器，可以运行CGI程序及PHP脚本程序，如果需要，还可以使用MySql数据库，要有良好的可移植性，廉价(最好是免费)，这样即使我们的网站有了名气也不会出现版权问题。 准备必要的软件： Windows 2000 Pro 因为我们要建立服务器，所以不能使用Win9x类的系统，我们要的是稳定高效，但是你只是玩玩我也不管，下面都以Win2000pro为准。 Apache 2.0.45 (注：我的安装路径C:\Apache) 我们的Web服务器主角，最新版本2.0.45，性能不逊色于IIS，甚至在某些方面远超过IIS，虽然在Win32系统上不能完全发挥Apache的优越性能，但是也不会比IIS差。 ActivePerl 5.8.0.802 (注：我的安装路径C:\USR) 运行Perl程序及CGI程序我们必须要用这个解释器。

HP 4.3.1 (注：我的安装路径C:\PHP)

HP脚本的解释器，PHP语言具有很好的可移植性。 MySql 4.0.12 (注：我的安装路径C:\MySql) 应用最广泛的免费数据库，功能虽然没有MSSQL多，但是速度及稳定性非常好。 开始安装： 软有软件安装都很简单，只要按照提示安装就可以了，需要说明的是一般的CGI程序默认Perl解释路径是/usr/bin/perl，所以安装ActivePerl的时候不要用软件默认的路径，安装在C:\usr下，那么你的CGI程序一般都不用修改就可以直接运行了，还有我是修改Apache2的安装路径为c:\Apahce的，我觉得这样比较习惯。 你说你不懂英文？看不懂安装信息？kao！那你还混个P呀！呵呵，其实我英文也很差劲，没什么只要能看懂路径位置知道修改就可以了，其他的都用默认的，一直下一步直到完成。 服务器设置： 如果你成功安装了这些软件，那么Apache已经可以运行了，但是只能提供基本的Web服务，所以我们还要修改配置文件让我们的主机可以运行脚本。 打开C:\Apache\conf文件夹下的httpd.conf文件，这个就是Apache的配置文件了，所有的设置都在这一个文件里面完成，不详细说明里面的配置了，只要注意下面红字部分的改动或添加的蓝字内容就可以，以下是我的httpd.conf文件全内容(呵呵，偷懒没有详细说明)，只要参照修改就可以了，记得修改完成，要重新启动Apache才会生效。 (注：我的/文件夹D:\root\www，/cgi-bin/文件夹D:\root\cgi-bin，如果你不想和我的一样，请调整相关设置) # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/> for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "C:/Apache" will be interpreted by the # server as "C:/Apache/logs/foo.log". # # NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes # instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:\apache"). # If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which Apache.exe is located # will be used by default. It is recommended that you always supply # an explicit drive letter in absolute paths, however, to avoid # confusion. # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # ServerRoot "C:/Apache" # # ScoreBoardfile: File used to store internal server process information. # If unspecified (the default), the scoreboard will be stored in an # anonymous shared memory segment, and will be unavailable to third-party # applications. # If specified, ensure that no two invocations of Apache share the same # scoreboard file. The scoreboard file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # #ScoreBoardFile logs/apache_runtime_status # # Pidfile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. #

idFile logs/httpd.pid # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # WinNT MPM # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in the server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_winnt.c> ThreadsPerChild 250 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0) # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule auth_module modules/mod_auth.so #LoadModule auth_anon_module modules/mod_auth_anon.so #LoadModule auth_dbm_module modules/mod_auth_dbm.so #LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so #LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so #LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so #LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so #LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so #LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so #LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule imap_module modules/mod_imap.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so #LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so #LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so #LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so #LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so #LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so #LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so # # ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status # information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus # Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off. # #ExtendedStatus On ### Section 2: 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated # redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make # redirections work in a sensible way. # ServerName localhost:80 # # UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing # URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables. # When set "Off", Apache will use the Hostname and Port supplied # by the client. When set "On", Apache will use the value of the # ServerName directive. # UseCanonicalName Off # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "D:/root/www" # # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. # <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "D:/root/www"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # <A href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options" target=_blank>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options</A> # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home # directory if a ~user request is received. Be especially careful to use # proper, forward slashes here. On Windows NT, "Personal/My Website" # is a more appropriate choice. # UserDir "My Documents/My Website" # # Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example # for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only. # # You must correct the path for the root to match your system's configured # user directory location, e.g. "C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website" # or whichever, as appropriate. # #<Directory "C:/Documents and Settings/*/My Documents/My Website"> # AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec # <Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order allow,deny # Allow from all # </Limit> # <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # </LimitExcept> #</Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # # The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content- # negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the # same purpose, but it is much slower. # DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </Files> # # TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is # to be found. # TypesConfig conf/mime.types # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # <IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., <A href="http://www.apache.org/" target=_blank>www.apache.org</A> (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # # EnableMMAP: Control whether memory-mapping is used to deliver # files (assuming that the underlying OS supports it). # The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted # filesystems. On some systems, turning it off (regardless of # filesystem) can improve performance; for details, please see # <A href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablemmap" target=_blank>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablemmap</A> # #EnableMMAP off # # EnableSendfile: Control whether the sendfile kernel support is # used to deliver files (assuming that the OS supports it). # The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted # filesystems. Please see # <A href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablesendfile" target=_blank>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablesendfile</A> # #EnableSendfile off # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog logs/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error.log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn

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